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[Ag88] R. L. Aggarwal, A. Sanches, M. M. Stuppi, R. E. Fahey, A. J. Strauss, W. R. Rapoport, C. P. Khattak, "Residual infrared absorption in as-grown and anneald crystals of Ti:Al₂O₃", IEEE J. Quant. Electron., 24(6), 1003 (1988)

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[Lu99] Y. Lu, S. Zhang, J. Cheng, "Theoretical study of transient thermal conduction and temperature distribution generated by pulsed laser", Appl. Phys. B, ??, ?? (1999)

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[Me97] M. Mehendale, T. R. Nelson, F. G. Omenetto, W. A. Schroeder, "Thermal effects in laser pumped Kerr-lens modelocked Ti:sapphire lasers", Opt. Comm., 136, 150 (1997)

[Mo82] P. F. Moulton, "Laser characteristics of Ti:Al₂O₃", Opt. News., 9, (1982)

[Mo85] P. F. Moulton, "Tunable paramagnetic-ion lasers", in "Laser Handbook", 203 (1985)

[Mo86] P. F. Moulton, "Spectroscopy and laser characteristics of Ti:Al₂O₃", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 3(1), 125 (1986)

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[Ni95] H. Nishioka, W. Odajima, K. Ueda, H. Takuma, "Ultrabroadband flat continuum generation in multichannel propagation of terrawatt Ti:sapphire laser pulses", Opt. Lett., 20(24), 2505 (1995)

[Pa92] C. Pan, J. Kuo, C. Hwang, J. Shieh, Y. Lai, C. Chang, K. Wu, "Buildup dynamics of the spectrum and the average output power of a homogeneously broadened continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser", Opt. Lett., 17(14), 994 (1992)

[Pe90] K. Petermann, "The role of exited-state absorption in tunable solid-state lasers", Opt. Quant. Electron., 22, S199 (1990)

[Po85] R. C. Powell, L. Xi, X. Gang, G. J. Quaries, J. C. Walling, "Spectroscopic properties of alexandrite crystals", Phys. Rev. B, 32(5), 2788 (1985)

[Po86] R. C. Powell, G. E. Venikouas, L. Xi, J. K. Tyminski, M. R. Kokta, "Thermal effects on the optical spectra of Al₂O₃:Ti³⁺", J. Chem. Phys., 84(2), 662 (1986)

[Sa88] A. Sanches, A. J. Strauss, R. L. Aggarwal, R. E. Fahey, "Crystal growth, spectroscopy, and laser characteristics of Ti³⁺:Al₂O₃", IEEE J. Quant. Electron., 24(6), 995 (1988)

[Sa88*] H. Samelson, J. C. Walling, T. Wernikowski, D. J. Harter, "Cw arc-lamp-pumped Alexandrite lasers", IEEE J. Quant. Electron., 24(6), 1141 (1988)

[Sa88+] R. C. Sam, J. J. Yeh, K. R. Leslie, W. R. Rapoport, "Design and performance of a 250 Hz Alexandrite laser", IEEE J. Quant. Electron., 24(6), 1151 (1988)

[Sc93] R. Scheps, J. F. Myers, T. R. Glesne, H. B. Serreze, "Monochromatic end-pumped operation of an Alexandrite laser", Opt. Comm., 97, 363 (1993)

[Si86] A. E. Siegman, "Lasers", University Science Book, 1986

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[Vd93] LightPipes: beam propagation toolbox, Gleb Vdovin, OKO Technologies, Reinier de Graafweg 300, 2625 DJ Delft, The Netherlands, email: oko@xs4all.nl©1993-1999, Gleb Vdovin

[Wa80] J. C. Walling, O. G. Peterson, H. P. Jenssen, R. C. Morris, E. W. O‘Dell, "Tunable alexandrite lasers", IEEE J. Quant. Electron., 16(12), 1302 (1980)

[Wa80*] J. C. Walling, O. G. Peterson, R. C. Morris, "Tunable cw alexandrite laser", IEEE J. Quant. Electron., 16(2), 120 (1980)

[Wa85] J. C. Walling, D. F. Heller, H. Samelson, D. J. Harter, J. A. Pete, R. C. Morris, "Tunable alexandrite lasers: development and performance", IEEE J. Quant. Electron., 21(10), 1568 (1985)

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[Wa97] C. Wang, W. Zhang, K. M. Yoo, "Pulse shortening and spectral broadening by periodic pulse.train amplitude modulation in a self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 14(7), 1881 (1997)

[Zh93] Z. Zhang, K. T. V. Grattan, A. W. Palmer "Temperatur dependences of fluorescence lifetimes in Cr³⁺-doped insulating crystals", Phys. Rev. B, 48(11), 7772 (1993)

Weiterführende Literatur:

[Cr95] G. J. Crofts, X. Banti, M. J. Damzen, "Tunable phase conjugation in a Ti:sapphire amplifier", Opt. Lett., 20(15), 1634 (1995)

[Ef95] E. Efimov, C. Schaffer, D. H. Reitze, "Programmable shaping of ultrabroad-bandwidth pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 12(10), 1968 (1995)

[Fl96] R. Fluck, I. D. Jung, G. Zhang, F. X. Kärtner, U. Keller, "Broadband saturable absorber for 10-fs pulse generation", Opt. Lett., 21(10), 743 (1996)

[Fo83] C. E. Forbes, "Analysis of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters for Cr³⁺ in mirror and inversion symmetry sites of alexandrite (Al_2-xCr_xBeO₄). Determination of the relative site occupancy by EPR", J. Chem. Phys., 79(6), 2590 (1983)

[Fu97] Q. Fu, F. Seier, S. K. Gayen, R. R. Alfano, "High-average-power kiloherz-repetition-rate sub-100-fs Ti:sapphire amplifier system", Opt. Lett., 22(10), 712 (1997)

[Gi88] G. D. Gilliland, A. Suchocki, K. W. Ver Steeg, R. C. Powell, "Laser-induced grating spectroscopy of alexandrite crystals", Phys. Rev. B, 38(9), 6227 (1988)

[Gu92] J. Guo, D. E. Ellis, D. J. Lam, "First-principles calculation of the electronic structure of sapphire: Bulk states", Phys. Rev. B, 45(7), 3204 (1992)

[Hi96] L. M. B. Hickey, E. Martins, J. E. Roman, W. S. Brocklesby, J. S. Wilkinson, "Fluorescence of Ti³⁺ ions thermally diffused into sapphire", Opt. Lett., 21(8), 597 (1996)

[Hs84] D. Hsu, J. L. Skinner "On the thermal broadening of zero-phonon impurity lines in absorption and fluorescence spectra", J. Chem. Phys., 81(4), 1604 (1984)

[La94] M. Lai, "self-starting, self-mode-locked To:sapphire laser", Opt. Lett., 19(10), 722 (1994)

[Ma88] S. Majetich, R. S. Meltzer, J. E. Rives, "Dynamics of resonant phonons in ruby and alexandrite: A pair-state model", Phys. Rev. B, 38(16), 11075 (1988)

[Ma93] A. Mandelis, J. Vanniasinkam, S. Budhudu, A. Othonos,M. Kokta, "Absolute nonradiative energy-conversion-efficiency spectra in Ti³⁺:Al₂O₃ crystals measured by noncontact quadrature photopyroelectric spectroscopy", Phys. Rev. B, 48(10), 6808 (1993)

[Ov91] M. H. F. Overwijk, P. J. Rump, J. I. Dijkhuis, H. W. de Wijn, "Accumulated photon echo in ruby and alexandrite", Phys. Rev. B, 44(9), 4157 (1991)

[Ru97] A. Rundquist, C. Durfee, Z. Chang, G. Taft, E. Zeek, S. Backus, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, I. Christov "Ultrafast laser and amplifier sources", Appl. Phys. B, 65, 161 (1997)

[Sh99] W. Shuicai, Z. Changjun, H. Junfang, Y. Hongru, X. Dong, H- Xun, "Gain dydamics of two-wavelength Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser", Appl. Phys. B, 69, 211 (1999)

[Va96] N. J. Vasa, M. Tanaka, T. Okada, M. Maeda, O. Uchino, "Comarative study of spectral narrowing of a pulsed Ti:sapphire laser using pulsed and cw injection seeding", Appl. Phys. B, 62, 51 (1996)

[Wa92*]Y. P. Wang, R. S. Meltzer, "Modulation of photon-echo intensities by elastic fields: pseudo-Stark splittings in alexandrite and YAlO₃:Er³⁺ ", Phys. Rev. B, 45(17), 10119 (1992)

[Wo95] W. C. Wong, D. S. McClure, S. A. Basun, M. R. Kokta, "Charge-exchange processes in titanium-doped sapphire crystals. I. Charge-exchange energies and titanium-bound exitons", Phys. Rev. B, 51(9), 5682 (1995)

[Ze94] H. H. Zenzie, P. F. Moulton, "Tunable optical parametric oscillators pumped by Ti:sapphire lasers", Opt. Lett., 19(13), 963 (1994)

[Zh95] W. L. Zhou, Y. Mori, T. Sasaki, S. Nakai, K. Nakano, S. Niikura, "High efficiency intracavity frequency-doubled cw and tunable Ti:sapphire laser", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 34(7A), 3518 (1995)